I recently did this demonstration in class. Density is the amount of matter in a given space. Fresh water has a density of 1 g/ml. In this demonstration different masses of sugar are dissolved into water, giving the water greater densities. The different colors of sugar water represent different different densities. I usually prepare the glass of different sugar water solutions ahead of time and present it to the students. I have the students make observations first (what colors, liquid present, etc.), and then have them make conclusions about the densities of the liquids (most dense at the bottom, least dense at the top), and finally I have them speculate on why they have different densities (most students think they are different chemicals). I then reveal to them that all of the liquids are sugar water of different densities. I then give them the handout and have volunteers try to recreate the rainbow liquids.
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